Effects of entrepreneurship on
intellectual contributions

The research aimed to develop and validate the non recursive, multi-level relationships among entrepreneurship (or entrepreneurial behaviors at organizational level), external environments, organizational characteristics, and intellectual contributions and services within Thai public and private universities. The developed model integrated two levels of analysis including of departmental level and school/college level. It was hypothesized that external environments and characteristics of departments would influence departmental entrepreneurship. Likewise, external environments and characteristics of schools/colleges would influence school/college entrepreneurship. A non-recursive or bi-directional relationship between entrepreneurship and organizational characteristics was assumed. The intellectual contributions, and services of university departments were hypothesized as the consequences of entrepreneurial behaviors at both levels. Using a sample of 1,124 faculty members clustered within 562 departments within 90 faculties or colleges in Thailand, data was collected by means of questionnaires, and a multi-level SEM analysis was performed using Mplus software. The developed model was academically significant in terms of its explanation of relationships between key variables, and of the process of empirical verification.